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< Back What are Current Regulating Diodes Linear Systems Oct 7, 2024 Current regulating diodes, also known as constant current diodes or current limiting diodes, are electronic components that control the amount of electrical current flowing through a circuit. They work by maintaining a constant voltage across themselves despite changes in the load resistance. Current Regulating Diodes Current regulating diodes, also known as constant current diodes or current limiting diodes, are electronic components that control the amount of electrical current flowing through a circuit. They work by maintaining a constant voltage across themselves despite changes in the load resistance. How do they work? A standard diode allows current to flow freely in one direction and blocks it in the other direction. In contrast, a current regulating diode has a larger depletion region and a lower reverse breakdown voltage, which allows for more precise control of the current flow. When used in series with a load, the current regulating diode maintains a stable voltage drop across itself by varying its own resistance depending on the current flow. This means that as the load resistance changes, the voltage drop across the diode remains constant and therefore maintains a consistent current flow. Applications Current regulating diodes are commonly used in circuits where stable and precise current control is necessary, such as in LED lighting systems, battery charging circuits, and laser diode drivers. They can also be used as protection devices to limit the amount of current flowing through sensitive components. In addition, these diodes are often utilized in adjustable power supplies to regulate the output current and prevent damage to connected devices. Types of Current Regulating Diodes There are two main types of current regulating diodes: Zener diodes and avalanche diodes. Zener diodes operate in the reverse breakdown region, where they maintain a constant voltage despite changes in current flow. This makes them ideal for use as voltage regulators. Avalanche diodes, on the other hand, operate in the avalanche breakdown region and are used for higher voltage applications. They have a steeper current-voltage characteristic compared to Zener diodes, allowing for more precise control of the current flow. Advantages and Disadvantages The main advantage of using current regulating diodes is their ability to provide stable and accurate current control without the need for additional external components. This saves space and simplifies circuit design. However, one disadvantage is that these diodes can be sensitive to changes in temperature, which can affect their current regulation capabilities. In addition, they have a limited maximum current handling capacity, so they may not be suitable for high power applications. Conclusion In conclusion, current regulating diodes are essential components in many electronic circuits where precise and stable current control is necessary. They come in various types and offer advantages such as simplicity of use and compact size. However, care must be taken when using these diodes to ensure proper operation under different conditions. With continued advancements in technology, it is likely that we will see further improvements and developments in the field of current regulating diodes. So next time you encounter a circuit that requires precise current control, consider using a current regulating diode to achieve optimal performance. With their unique properties and benefits, these diodes are sure to play a significant role in the future of electronics. With the ever-growing demand for more efficient and reliable electronic devices, it is important to have a thorough understanding of different electronic components such as current regulating diodes. By having knowledge about their operation, advantages and limitations, you can make informed decisions when designing circuits for various applications. So keep exploring and learning about these fascinating components and discover new ways to incorporate them into your designs.

< Back DMOS Product Line Linear Systems Mar 17, 2023 DMOS Product Line Acquired from Vishay/Siliconix DMOS Product Line Linear Systems Re-Launches DMOS Product Line Acquired from Siliconix FREMONT, CA - 04/02/2020 Linear Systems announces the re-release of the SD-Series lateral DMOS switch product line acquired from Vishay/Siliconix in 2001. Built using the industry-leading proprietary DMOS process developed by Siliconix and transferred to Linear Systems, the SD-series uses lateral construction to achieve low capacitance and ultra-fast switching speeds (1ns max). “Our lateral DMOS products continue the tradition established by Siliconix with its design and production of these devices,” Mr. Tim McCune said. “The DMOS parts we produce meet every specification established by Vishay/Siliconix when they made them. The customers who relied on Siliconix for these parts transitioned smoothly to using ours, and we’ve welcomed many new customers since then.” These lateral DMOS switches are key components in a variety of high-performance analog circuits where ultra-fast, nano-second switching times are critical. Linear Systems is the only company to build these lateral DMOS parts using Siliconix’ proprietary polysilicon gate technology and is the only Vishay/Siliconix-approved replacement manufacturer. This fabrication process is key to the unique combination of speed and reliability of these parts. Linear Systems in 2001 reached an agreement with Vishay/Siliconix to produce these lateral DMOS parts after Vishay decided to exit that business. Under that agreement, LIS received mask sets, and process and technical information for the SD210, SD214, SST211, SST213, SST215, SD5000, SD5001, SD5400, and SD5401 product families from Siliconix. These parts are available in thru-hole, surface mount, die, ROHS, and Non-ROHS(Lead) for medical and military applications. Special testing is also available. “This line of lateral DMOS has been critical to a large number of high-end product developers, and it was important to Vishay that these customers not be forced to design these parts out, or use inferior ones,” McCune said. McCune noted Linear Systems’ lateral DMOS parts are used in a wide variety of military applications that require Non-ROHS parts as well as civilian applications. “The key performance parameters – switching time, low capacitance– are important in all applications,” he said. This product line is supported by an in-depth application note, detailed data sheets and recently developed SPICE models in the LTspice® format. For the application note, please visit: http://www.linearsystems.com/lsdata/others/DMOSAnalogSwitchIntroduction.pdf . For data sheets and SPICE models, please visit: http://www.linearsystems.com/product.html?category=dmoshss . Linear Systems is a full-service, privately-held, 32-year-old designer and manufacturer of small-signal discrete semiconductors. The Fremont, CA-based company was founded by John H. Hall, co-founder of Intersil and founder of Micro Power Systems. Linear Systems' product line consists of: Ultra-Low-Noise N-Channel and P-Channel Dual and Single JFETs, High-Speed Lateral DMOS Switches, Bipolar Transistors, BIFET Amplifiers, Current-Regulating Diodes, Low-Leakage Diodes, MOSFETs, PhotoFETS, and Voltage Controlled Resistors. Data sheets, applications notes, SPICE models and other information can be downloaded at linearsystems.com . For more information about Linear Systems please contact Ms. Laura Madonna at laura@linearsystems.com . For customer service, please contact Linear Systems at sales@linearsystems.com or call (510) 490-9160

< Back LSK389 Press Release Linear Systems Mar 17, 2023 Ultra-Low Noise, Monolithic Dual, N-Channel JFET NEWS RELEASE FOR INFORMATION CONTACT: Linear Systems, Inc. Sales Department Phone: (510) 490-9160 Email: sales@linearsystems.com Industry’s First 100% Noise Tested, Ultra-Low Noise, Monolithic Dual, N-Channel JFET FREMONT, CA – 01/21/2020 – Linear Systems announces the re-release of their most popular part, the LSK389 Series, Ultra-Low Noise, Monolithic Dual, N-Channel JFET, now 100% tested to meet or exceed noise specifications. The LSK389 is the lowest noise Junction Field Effect Transistor (JFET) in its class and has been used in ultra-high-end applications for over a decade. The LSK389 enables developers to create the lowest noise signal chains possible for sensors, professional audio equipment, and other applications. Linear Systems is releasing the LSK389 after developing the capability for individual screening of small-signal discrete components to levels below a billionth of a volt (nV/√Hz) of noise in quantities up to tens of thousands of parts. This testing capability – the only one in existence worldwide – ensures all LSK389s leaving the factory produce no burst (RTN or popcorn) noise and meet or exceed 1/f and broadband noise specifications. The LSK389, Ultra-Low Noise, Monolithic Dual, N-Channel JFET provides designers with a better-performing solution for obtaining tighter IDSS matching and better thermal tracking than using individual JFETs or non-monolithic dual JFETs. The part is an ideal combination of high transconductance, ultra-low noise, and relatively low input capacitance. The LSK389 is the lead part of Linear Systems’ family of low-noise JFETs. The LSK170 is the N-channel single version of the LSK389, and the LSJ74 is the P-channel counterpart to the LSK170. The N-channel dual LSK489 has slightly higher noise but lower input capacitance than the LSK389, and the LSJ689 is its P-channel dual counterpart. All Linear Systems’ JFET standard products have substantially lower noise than those made by other manufacturers and are marketed under the Improved Standard Products® trademark. Summary of Features: - Ultra-Low Noise: en = 1.3nV/√Hz (typ), f = 1.0kHz and NBW = 1.0Hz - Four grades of IDSS: 2.6-6.5mA, 6.0-12.0mA, 10.0-20.0mA, and 17-30mA, with an IDSS match of 10% - Tight Matching: IVGS1-2I = 15mV max - High Breakdown Voltage: BVGSS = 40V max - High Gain: Gfs = 20mS (typ) - Relatively Low Capacitance: 25pF (typ) - Available in surface mount SOIC 8L and thru-hole TO-71 6L packages Benefits: - Improved Signal Chain Noise Performance - Better Matching and Thermal Tracking Due to Unique Monolithic Interleaved Dual Design Construction - Better Performance for Battery-Operated Applications by Providing a Wide Output Swing Applications: - Ultra-Sensitive Sensor Applications - Audio Amplifiers and Preamps - Discrete Low-Noise Operational Amplifiers - Battery-Operated Audio Preamps - Audio Mixer Consoles - Sonic Imaging - Instrumentation Amplifiers - Microphones - Sonobuoys - Hydrophones - Chemical and Radiation Detectors Pricing and Availability: - 1,000+ pieces of the LSK389A SOIC 8L package are priced at $4.67 (USD) each. - 1,000+ pieces of the LSK389A TO-71 6L package are priced at $6.70 (USD) each. Prices vary based on grade (A, B, C, and D) and quantity. -Availability: Production quantities are available now. -Delivery: Factory stock to 8 weeks. For more information: Phone: (510) 490-9160 Email: sales@linearsystems.com Website: www.linearsystems.com

TIGHT MATCHING, MONOLITHIC DUAL, PNP TRANSISTOR < Back LS350 Series TIGHT MATCHING, MONOLITHIC DUAL, PNP TRANSISTOR The LS350 Series, Tight Matching, Monolithic Dual, PNP Transistor is a direct replacement for the Analog Devices MAT series and Micro Power Systems MP350, MP351, and MP352 Series. It is ideal for Tight Matching, Small Signal, Transistors Amplifier & Switching Applications. It is available the in TO-71 6L, TO-78 6L, PDIP 8L, SOIC 8L, SOT-23 6L and DFN 8L package, as well as bare die. Advanced screening options are available for our diverse product lineup, featuring JFETS, Bipolar transistors, MOSFETs, current regulators, and Diodes. Our special screening covers all the parameters listed in the standard datasheet, including comprehensive package pin-out. Connect with our experienced technical team to discuss your specific needs and tailor your requirements—email us at support@linearsystems.com or call (510) 490-9160. MOQ applies to these specialized services. Ordering Information Below are the options you have when ordering this part series: LS350 TO-71 6L RoHS LS351 TO-71 6L RoHS LS352 TO-71 6L RoHS LS350 TO-78 6L RoHS LS351 TO-78 6L RoHS LS352 TO-78 6L RoHS LS350 PDIP 8L RoHS LS351 PDIP 8L RoHS LS352 PDIP 8L RoHS LS350 SOIC 8L RoHS LS351 SOIC 8L RoHS LS352 SOIC 8L RoHS LS350 SOT-23 6L RoHS LS351 SOT-23 6L RoHS LS352 SOT-23 6L RoHS 351 DFN 8L RoHS 352 DFN 8L RoHS 353 DFN 8L RoHS LS350 Die LS351 Die LS352 Die Datasheet Spice Model Application Notes

< Back What is a JFET? Linear Systems May 30, 2024 JFETs are three-terminal semiconductor devices that can be used as electronically controlled switches or resistors, or to build amplifiers. Linear Systems JFET (Junction Field-Effect Transistor) amplifiers are known for their exceptional performance in low-noise, high-input impedance applications. These amplifiers are particularly valued in audio, instrumentation, and signal processing systems due to their ability to amplify weak signals without adding significant noise. Dual JFET amplifiers incorporate two JFETs in a single package, which offers matched characteristics and improved thermal stability. This configuration enhances the performance and reliability of circuits that require closely matched transistors, simplifying the design and reducing component count. Such amplifiers find extensive use in differential amplifiers and other precision analog circuits, making them indispensable in high-fidelity audio equipment and sensitive measurement devices. JFET Basics JFETs are three-terminal semiconductor devices with a gate, source, and drain. They belong to the family of field-effect transistors (FETs), where the flow of current is controlled by an electric field applied to the device's gate terminal. In contrast to bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), which use a current-controlled base to control the collector-emitter current, JFETs utilize a voltage-controlled gate to regulate the source-drain current. This fundamental difference is what makes JFETs superior in high-impedance applications as they draw very little gate current, resulting in minimal loading and noise contributions. Common Source Amplifier The most widely used configuration for amplifying signals using a JFET is the common source (CS) amplifier. As the name suggests, the input signal is applied at the device's gate terminal and amplified output is obtained at its drain. The source terminal is common to both input and output circuits, hence the name. The CS amplifier offers high voltage gain, excellent linearity and good frequency response over a wide range. It also provides high input impedance and low output impedance, making it suitable for driving loads with varying impedances. Advantages of JFETs High Input Impedance: Because the gate is isolated from the source-drain path by a reverse-biased PN junction, JFETs have very high input impedance compared to BJTs or MOSFETs. This allows them to be used in high-impedance circuits without causing significant loading effects. Low Noise: Due to their low gate current and minimal internal resistance, JFETs exhibit very low noise performance, making them ideal for use in sensitive audio equipment and measurement devices. Good Linearity: The transconductance (gm) of a JFET is relatively constant over a wide range of input voltages, resulting in good linearity and low distortion compared to BJTs or MOSFETs. Simple Biasing: Unlike BJTs which require precise base biasing and MOSFETs which need complex circuitry for gate biasing, JFETs can be easily biased using a simple resistor or potentiometer. Reverse Bias Protection: The reverse-biased PN junction in the JFET acts as a natural diode, providing reverse bias protection and preventing damage to the device if the input voltage exceeds the specified limit. Applications of JFETs JFETs find applications in various electronic circuits such as: Low-Noise Amplifiers: Due to their low noise performance, JFETs are commonly used in audio amplifiers, radio receivers, and other sensitive applications where noise can be a major issue. Switching Circuits: JFETs can be used as simple on-off switches by connecting the gate to ground (for N-channel) or to the supply voltage (for P-channel) to control the flow of current between source and drain. Voltage-controlled Resistors : By varying the gate voltage, a JFET can be used as a variable resistor in circuits such as oscillators and filters. Sample-and-Hold Circuits: The high input impedance of JFETs makes them suitable for use in sample-and-hold circuits where the input voltage needs to be held constant for a short period of time. Constant Current Sources: JFETs can also be used as simple constant current sources, where the output current remains nearly constant despite changes in input voltage or load resistance. Other applications include use in high-frequency circuits, chopper amplifiers, and instrumentation equipment. With advancements in technology, JFETs are being increasingly replaced by other types of transistors such as MOSFETs. However, they still hold importance in certain specialized applications due to their unique characteristics and simplicity in biasing and operation. Conclusion JFETs are versatile electronic devices with numerous advantages over other types of transistors. These include high input impedance, low noise performance, and simplicity in biasing. They find widespread use in various applications such as amplifiers, switching circuits, voltage-controlled resistors, sample-and-hold circuits, and constant current sources. Despite being gradually replaced by other transistor types, JFETs still hold importance in certain specialized applications and continue to be an essential component in the field of electronics. With ongoing research and development, we can expect to see further advancements and improvements in JFET technology. These small but powerful devices will continue to play a significant role in shaping the electronic industry. So, it is important for any electronics enthusiast or professional to have a thorough understanding of the working principles and applications of JFETs in order to utilize them effectively in their circuit designs. With their versatile characteristics and unique advantages, JFETs have undoubtedly played a crucial role in the development of modern electronic systems and will continue to do so in the future. So next time you come across a JFET, remember their importance and versatility in the world of electronics.

SD211DE SINGLE, HIGH-SPEED N-CHANNEL LATERAL DMOS FET SWITCH < Back SD/SST211 Series SD211DE SINGLE, HIGH-SPEED N-CHANNEL LATERAL DMOS FET SWITCH The SD/SST211 Series is a Single, High-Speed N-Channel Lateral DMOS FET Switch with Zener Diode Protection, ideal for Ultra-High Speed Switching Applications. Linear Systems acquired the Siliconix Lateral DMOS FET Switch product line, so our version is the same maskset, same process and is an exact pin-for-pin replacement. The series is available in the TO-72 4L RoHS and SOT-143 4L RoHS package, as well as bare die. Advanced screening options are available for our diverse product lineup, featuring JFETS, Bipolar transistors, MOSFETs, current regulators, and Diodes. Our special screening covers all the parameters listed in the standard datasheet, including comprehensive package pin-out. Connect with our experienced technical team to discuss your specific needs and tailor your requirements—email us at support@linearsystems.com or call (510) 490-9160. MOQ applies to these specialized services. Ordering Information Below are the options you have when ordering this part series: SD211DE TO-72 4L RoHS SD213DE TO-72 4L RoHS SD215DE TO-72 4L RoHS SST211 SOT-143 4L RoHS SST213 SOT-143 4L RoHS SST215 SOT-143 4L RoHS Datasheet Spice Model Applicaton Notes

MONOLITHIC DUAL AND SINGLE, PNP TRANSISTOR < Back LS3550 Series MONOLITHIC DUAL AND SINGLE, PNP TRANSISTOR The LS3550 Monolithic Dual and Single, PNP Transistor is a Higher Current Version of the MP350, MP351, and MP352 Series. It is ideal for Small Signal Transistor, Super Beta Amplifier & Switching Applications. It is available the in TO-71 6L RoHS, TO-78 6L RoHS, PDIP 8L ROHS and SOIC 8L RoHS package, as well as bare die. Advanced screening options are available for our diverse product lineup, featuring JFETS, Bipolar transistors, MOSFETs, current regulators, and Diodes. Our special screening covers all the parameters listed in the standard datasheet, including comprehensive package pin-out. Connect with our experienced technical team to discuss your specific needs and tailor your requirements—email us at support@linearsystems.com or call (510) 490-9160. MOQ applies to these specialized services. Ordering Information Below are the options you have when ordering this part series: LS3550A TO-71 6L RoHS LS3550B TO-71 6L RoHS LS3550C TO-71 6L RoHS LS3550A TO-78 6L RoHS LS3550B TO-78 6L RoHS LS3550C TO-78 6L RoHS LS3550A PDIP 8L RoHS LS3550B PDIP 8L RoHS LS3550C PDIP 8L RoHS LS3550A SOIC 8L RoHS LS3550B SOIC 8L RoHS LS3550C SOIC 8L RoHS LS3550A Die LS3550B Die LS3550C Die Datasheet Spice Model Application Notes

< Back SD5400/SD5000 Linear Systems Mar 17, 2023 Introducing Family of Quad N-channels NEWS RELEASE FOR INFORMATION CONTACT: Linear Systems, Inc. Sales Department Phone: (510) 490-9160 Email: sales@linearsystems.com Linear Systems Announces the Immediate Availability of SD5400 / SD5000 Family of Quad N-Channel Enhancement Mode Lateral DMOS Analog Switches FREMONT, CA – Linear Systems is announcing the immediate availability of the SD5400 / SD5000 Family of Quad N-Channel Enhancement Mode Lateral DMOS Analog Switches, specifically designed for high-speed switching applications. These ultra-fast switches offer improved accuracy, speed, and throughput, with less glitching or distortion than JFETs or multiplexers. Designed for high-frequency RF operation, they provide switching speeds of 1ns with a unique combination of 70 ohms "ON" resistance and a reverse transfer capacitance of 0.5 pF. A maximum threshold of 1.5 volts permits simple TTL and CMOS driving for small signal applications. The SD5400 / SD5000 can switch analog signals up to +/- 10 volts, while the SD5401 / SD5001 can switch signals up to +/- 5 volts. All versions include gate ESD protection with zener diodes. The surface mount versions, SD5400 / SD5401, are available in 14 and 16 pin narrow body SOIC packages. The thru-hole versions, SD5000N / SD5001N, are available in 16 pin DIP packages. All package types are available with special electrical selection, including bare die form. Summary of Features : - High Speed Switching (td (ON) / (OFF) = 1ns max) - Ultra Low Reverse Capacitance (Crss = 0.5 pF max) - Low Turn-On Threshold Voltage (Vgs(th) = 1.5V max) - Switches Analog Signals up to +/- 10 volts - CMOS and TTL Compatible - Second Source Replacement for Calogic and Siliconix SD5400 / SD5000 Families - Available in Surface Mount SOIC-14, 16 pin, PDIP-16 Packages, and Bare Die Applications: - ATE (Automatic Test Equipment) Analog Switch - Analog to Digital and Digital to Analog Converters - Laser Drivers - Medical Imaging - Multiplexer - Sample and Hold - Switch Driver - Vision Systems Delivery: Factory Stock For more information, contact Linear Systems at sales@linearsystems.com or call (510) 490-9160. About Linear Systems Founded in 1987, Linear Systems is a full-service, privately-held designer and manufacturer of small-signal discrete semiconductors. The Fremont, CA-based company was founded by John H. Hall, co-founder of Intersil and founder of Micro Power Systems. Linear Systems' product line includes Ultra-Low-Noise N-Channel and P-Channel Dual and Single JFETs, High-Speed Lateral DMOS Switches, Bipolar Transistors, BIFET Amplifiers, Current-Regulating Diodes, Low-Leakage Diodes, MOSFETs, PhotoFETs, and Voltage-Controlled Resistors. Datasheets, application notes, SPICE models, and additional information can be downloaded at www.linearsystems.com.

< Back Low Leakage Diodes Introduction In circuit designs for sensor signal conditioning, the design engineer must protect the input section from over current and over voltage conditions. Op amps, ADC analog inputs, analog multiplexers, and [RS485] line receivers represent classes of devices that need protection. Often, the manufacturers of such devices specify the acceptable input range for voltage, or, in the case of an overvoltage condition, the allowable input current above which semiconductor or bonding wires may be damaged. Read More

< Back AEA Linear Systems Mar 17, 2023 AEA’s Ribbon Microphones & Linears’ JFETs AEA When John Kurlander sought to capture the vast array of sound for the Lord of the Rings movies, he turned to Wes Dooley and his ribbon microphones. And for years, when Wes needed ultra-low-noise semiconductors to build and amplify those microphones, he turned to Linear Systems, Inc. “Linear Systems has kept that tradition going of making parts that are competitive with the [discontinued Toshiba] SK170s and 389s,” Dooley said in a recent interview. “And that gives us the ability to make compact, high-performance audio products.” “We make the quietest ribbon mic in the world, the A440, and the higher SPL A840. Both of them use the [Linear Systems] LSK389, for the output drivers and their current supply,” Dooley said. Dooley's company, Audio Engineering Associates (AEA), also uses the LSK389 in front ends of its RPQ and RPQ 500 preamplifiers, which were designed for use with ribbon microphones. AEA's microphone business started with ribbon mics for classical music used as movie scores. “John Kurlander did all three Lord of the Rings using AEA mics on strings left and right almost as strong in the mix as the main orchestra mics,” Dooley said. “When you work with such people, one really learns to be of service.” AEA's customer list reads like a Who's Who of Grammy and Academy Award-winning recording engineers and artists. Among the many examples, sound engineer Michael Bishop, winner of eight Grammy awards, extensively uses AEA's A840 microphones and AEA preamps for his recordings. Shawn Murphy, who's worked on over 330 films and won an Academy award for Jurassic Park, also relies on AEA's preamps and microphones. One of the best parts of AEA's website is the long list of reviews and mentions by users . Dooley, a lifelong ribbon microphone enthusiast and developer, got into the business by repairing ribbon mics built by RCA during the golden age of radio. “We started servicing mics in '76 when RCA shut down making them,” he said. “Many of our favorite RCA designs were from the mid '30s, when a designer's foremost tool was listening to live music. Critical listening was the gold standard as acoustical measurements were cumbersome.” “We've adopted that approach, which is: musicality trumps metrics. The mic has to sound good to people in the music business,” Dooley said. “If it doesn't sound good, measurements don't matter. Once you have a mic that sounds good to people who have experienced ears, then measurements are very important, as they are the key to consistent production.” “So we first strive to make sure it sounds musical, and then we measure what it does,” Dooley said. “Because, as one of my mentors, Richard Heyser, said, if it measures well but doesn't sound right, then you're measuring the wrong things. Often you find you don't know what the right thing to measure is. Over time you discover what those metrics might be. Ultimately, it's a matter of how it sounds. Since we come from an acoustic music tradition, it's pretty simple: you put the mic in front of live music, and compare that live sound with the reproduction, to see how close it is.” Dooley told the story of working with legendary bluegrass fiddle player/violinist Richard Greene. Greene, along with his wife, a violinist with the LA Chamber Orchestra, recorded samples using over 20 microphones. “The next day, when they had 'fresh ears,' they listened to all the recordings and said the one made using our ribbon microphones was the best,” Dooley said. “And that's what we try for, for the musicians to experience that this is the closest they've ever heard to an actual performance.” Asked to comment for this article, Greene had high praise for Dooley and his microphones. “Silky, smooth, best violin sound I ever heard, Wes is amazing and his tech support and other free maintenance are over the top,” Greene wrote. “I will never have any use for any other mic on my violin. I have the AEA 440.” Dooley said this close interaction with artists drives how he builds microphones and preamps. “The whole thing,” he said, “is to build tools they need. That is the key to survival for a small business doing high-performance products.” The LSK389 “is a very good part for manufacturing,” Dooley said. AEA uses the “C” grade of the LSK389. “We started with the 'A' [grade], but then we realized it didn't make any difference for what we were doing,” he said. The LSK389 is graded by IDSS ; all three grades have the same ultra-low-noise characteristics. The Linear Systems LSK389 part used by AEA is an ultra-low-noise junction field effect transistor. Linear System Founder and CEO John H. Hall began working on a JFET similar to Toshiba's 2SK389 about the time that the Japanese company began to discontinue the device 10 years ago. “Toshiba kept its production process for the 389 secret, so we had to figure out on our own how to build something to the same specification, which was extremely difficult,” Hall said. Expertise brought to Linear Systems is based on processes and products Hall developed since 1962 at Amelco, Union Carbide, Intersil, and Micro Power Systems. Hall, a protégé of Silicon Valley legend Dr. Jean Hoerni, was the director of IC Development at Union Carbide, co-founder and vice president of R&D at Intersil, and founder/president of Micro Power Systems. Much of Linear Systems' current development work focuses on lower-noise JFETs. The production techniques Hall conceived to squeeze the last bit of noise out of the 389 led to development of another part, the LSK489. The LSK489 has less transconductance than the 389, and though this increases noise slightly, it makes the part easier to design into new circuits. “While the 389 is the perfect part for some users, such as Wes Dooley, who need the lowest noise levels in existence, we found that the high gate-to-drain capacitance of the 389 caused problems for some of our other customers,” Hall said. “Building a high transconductance part, such as the 389, formed part of the basis for providing ultra-low-noise levels, but the high input capacitance causes intermodulation distortion in some higher-frequency applications,” Hall said. “Since we had created some advanced processing techniques to make the 389, we decided to go back and look at creating a part with lower capacitance using the same processes.” Though Dooley's ribbon microphone and other devices take advantage of the 389's low noise level, other developers could tolerate a slightly higher noise level in a part that has much lower input capacitance due to a lower transconductance, Hall said. The lower capacitance and other features make the LSK489 a lower-noise, functional replacement for Linear Systems' LS840-series of JFETs, as well as the Siliconix U401-403 series. Dooley's precision ribbon microphones are perfect applications of the LSK389, Hall said. “Both ribbon microphones and JFETs are very difficult to design and build, but there's really no other way to achieve the level of performance needed than to do the work this way.” The circuit design work using the LSK389s was done for AEA by Fred Forssell of http://www.forsselltech.com . For more on Dooley's microphones, go to: http://www.ribbonmics.com Data sheets for the LSK389 and LSK489, the application notes for the LSK489, and a good paper on general JFET theory and use can be downloaded at: http://linearsystems.com .

Linear Systems Purchase Order Terms and Conditions Customer Terms & Conditions A. The term "Company" as used herein shall mean Linear Integrated Systems, Inc. B. The term "Buyer" as used herein shall mean a party placing a purchase order for the Company products (the "Products"). C. THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SALE (THE "TERMS") ARE THE ONLY TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THE AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE PARTIES. ANY AND ALL ADDITIONAL OR DIFFERENT TERMS, WHETHER IN A PURCHASE ORDER OR OTHER DOCUMENT GIVEN BEFORE OR AFTER THESE TERMS, ARE SPECIFICALLY REJECTED AND SHALL NOT BECOME PART OF THESE TERMS UNLESS AGREED TO IN WRITING BY THE COMPANY. 1. SCOPE These Terms apply to all quotations and offers made by and purchase orders accepted by the Company. Acceptance of Buyer's order is conditioned upon Buyer's acceptance of these Terms, whether by written acknowledgment, implication, or acceptance and payment of goods ordered. Any conflicting or additional terms provided by the Buyer are specifically rejected. Any changes in these Terms must be agreed upon in writing by a corporate officer of the Company. 2. PRICES, TAXES, AND DUTIES Prices are quoted in U.S. Dollars and may change without notice. Prices are firm and not subject to renegotiation, except at the Company's discretion. All prices exclude international duties, foreign taxes, and US federal, state, and local taxes. Buyer shall pay all applicable taxes and duties and indemnify the Company against any related expenses. Any price reductions based on volume discounts will be revoked if the Buyer reduces the number of parts purchased below discount levels. All price quotations are valid for 30 days, and parts must be delivered within 180 days from the quotation date. The Company may extend the validity of quotations at its discretion. 3. PAYMENT TERMS Payments shall be in U.S. Dollars. Net terms may be granted upon approval. Customer agrees to remit payment for the invoice in full by the agreed-upon due date. Should payment extend beyond the specified Net Terms, Customer acknowledges and accepts that any outstanding fee not settled within five (5) days from its due date shall accrue interest at a rate of 2.5% per month, commencing from the fifth (5th) day after the due date until payment is made. Upon payment, all fees become nonrefundable. Linear Systems retains the right, at its discretion and at any point, to adjust the monthly interest rate for overdue invoices. The Company may require payment in advance or C.O.D. The Company may suspend performance or require cash payment or other assurances if Buyer’s financial condition warrants it. Payment must be made in Alameda County, California, where any collection action may be brought. Cancellations or reschedules must be requested in writing within seven (7) days of order submission. Otherwise, the Buyer must pay liquidated damages equivalent to the full purchase price. 4. TITLE AND DELIVERY All sales are EXW (Incoterms 2000) point of shipment in the U.S. Title passes to the Buyer upon receipt of payment in full. The Company is not responsible for damage or delays after delivery to the carrier. Any claims for damages must be filed with the carrier. Shortage claims must be made within ten (10) days of shipment arrival. The Company may deliver in installments and is not liable for failure to meet delivery schedules or costs of procuring substitute goods. 5. ACCEPTANCE Buyer must inspect products upon receipt and file any claims for damage, shortages, or nonconformity immediately. Claims must be made within 30 days of receipt. No returns are accepted without a Return Material Authorization ("RMA"). 6. LIMITED WARRANTY The Company warrants products against defects in workmanship and materials for 90 days, subject to terms and conditions. The warranty does not apply to products subject to misuse, neglect, or unauthorized modifications. The Company's liability is limited to rescreening, reprocessing, replacing nonconforming products, or issuing credit for the purchase price. Warranty is contingent upon full payment. All other warranties are disclaimed. 7. INFRINGEMENT Buyer indemnifies the Company against any claims of intellectual property infringement resulting from compliance with Buyer’s designs or specifications. The Company is not liable for any infringement claims arising from the use of products in combination with non-Company products. 8. FORCE MAJEURE The Company is not liable for failure to perform due to unforeseen circumstances or causes beyond its control, such as natural disasters, war, or labor shortages. Delivery dates may be deferred during such delays. 9. CANCELLATIONS AND RESCHEDULES No cancellations or reschedules will be accepted within thirty (30) days of the earliest requested ship date. 10. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY The Company, its employees, officers, and directors are not liable for any breach of this Agreement, product order, or terms and conditions for business interruption costs, special, incidental, or consequential damages. Liability is limited to the amount paid by the Buyer for the products giving rise to the claim. 11. LIFE SUPPORT AND OTHER APPLICATIONS The Company's products are not authorized for use in life support devices or other critical applications without express written approval. Buyer assumes full risk and liability for such use and indemnifies the Company against related claims. 12. MIL-STD CLASS H AND CLASS K APPLICATIONS The Company's products are not authorized for use in MIL-STD Class H and Class K applications without express written approval. Buyer assumes full risk and liability for such use and indemnifies the Company against related claims. 13. EXPORT CONTROL Buyer agrees to comply with all applicable U.S. and destination country laws and regulations, including export controls. Buyer indemnifies the Company against damages from breaches of these laws. 14. RELATIONSHIP OF PARTIES Buyer is an independent contractor and responsible for its employees and agents. Buyer indemnifies the Company against any claims arising from Buyer’s activities. 15. LEAD-FREE, ROHS COMPLIANT PARTS The Company warrants products to be lead-free and RoHS compliant when ordered correctly. Electrical performance is guaranteed, but packaging reliability is not. Buyer indemnifies the Company against claims related to the use of non-compliant parts. 16. PRODUCT DISCONTINUANCE The Company reserves the right to discontinue any product at any time, with an attempt to provide twelve (12) months' notice. The Company is not liable for costs or damages due to product discontinuance. 17. ORDER ACCEPTANCE The Company reserves the right to reject any purchase order and is not liable for costs or damages resulting from non-acceptance. Selected parts are sold on a Non-Cancellable, Non-Returnable basis. Buyer’s purchases are final and subject to terms and conditions for NCNR parts. 18. DATECODE POLICY Linear Systems does not accept any restrictions on the sale or shipment of parts based on the device date code unless there are design-specific technical requirements agreed upon by both Linear Systems and the buyer. Linear Systems reserves the right to ship any date code for customer orders and samples. Linear Systems does not acknowledge a correlation between field failures and date codes exceeding 36 months. The Linear Systems Warranty applies to all products regardless of device date codes. 19. CONTROLLING LAW These terms and conditions are governed by the laws of the State of California, with sole jurisdiction and venue in Alameda County, California. 20. GENERAL LEGAL Linear Systems sells product based on our Terms & Conditions, not those of the purchaser. These terms constitute the entire contract and supersede all previous communications. Any changes must be agreed upon in writing. Unenforceable sections do not affect the remaining terms. Failure to enforce any provision does not waive it. Notices must be in writing and sent to the specified Company address. The prevailing party in any legal action is entitled to recover attorney's fees and costs. Rev. J 07082024 Privacy Policy Collection of Personal Information Visitors to the Linear Integrated Systems' web site are not required to reveal any personal information in order to use many of the features of the site. However, in some instances, Linear Systems requests that users provide certain personal information in order to facilitate future communications, make a purchase of Linear Systems' products, or receive other materials from Linear Systems. What does Linear Systems do with my personal information? Linear Systems will use the information you provide for legitimate business purposes which may include sharing some information with Linear Systems' authorized distributors. These legitimate business purposes may include facilitating future communications with you, assisting you in making a purchase of Linear Systems' products, or responding to your request for Linear Systems' information or samples. Linear Systems also reserves the right to collect and share personal information as part of an investigation or response to a violation of Linear Systems' terms and conditions, fraud, illegal activities or other actions or threats which may damage Linear Systems. Except the aforementioned instances, Linear Systems will never share your personal information with third parties. Rev. A 03202023

Linear Systems specializes in crafting premium semiconductors, enabling customers to create top-tier products. Our product range includes Ultra-Low-Noise JFETs, DMOS Switches, Bipolar Transistors, BIFET Amplifiers, Regulating Diodes, MOSFETs, and more. Utilizing patented processes, Linear Systems delivers high-performance discrete semiconductors. Our primary markets span Audio, Hybrids, Industrial Controls, Instrumentation, Medical Electronics, Military, Space, and Test & Measurement. About Us Our Story Linear Systems was founded in 1987 by John H. Hall. Expertise brought to Linear Systems is based on processes and products developed at Amelco, Union Carbide, Intersil and Micro Power Systems by John H. Hall. Linear Integrated Systems develops and produces the highest performance semiconductors of their kind in the industry. Our goal is to enable our customers to build world-class products based upon our parts. Our product line consists of: Ultra-Low-Noise N-Channel and P-Channel Dual and Single JFETs, High Speed Lateral DMOS Switches, Bipolar Transistors, BIFET Amplifiers, Current Regulating Diodes, Low Leakage Diodes, MOSFETs, PhotoFETS, and Voltage Controlled Resistors. Linear Integrated Systems uses patented and proprietary processes and designs to create its high performance discrete semiconductors. Our primary markets are: Audio; Hybrids; Industrial Controls; Instrumentation; Medical Electronics; Military; Space; and Test & Measurement. Our design and fabrication facilities are located in the heart of California’s Silicon Valley. Let’s Work Together 4042 Clipper Court Fremont, CA 94538-6540 USA E-Mail: info@mysite.com Tel: 510-490-9160, First Name Last Name Email Message Thanks for submitting! Send