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< Back FETs for Sensor Applications Introduction Linear Systems provides a variety of FETs (Field Effect Transistors) suitable for use in low noise amplifier applications for photo diodes, accelerometers, transducers, and other types of sensors. In particular, low noise JFETs exhibit low input gate currents that are desirable when working with high impedance devices at the input or with high value feedback resistors (e.g., ≥1MΩ). Operational amplifiers (op amps) with bipolar transistor input stages have much higher input noise currents than FETs. In general, many op amps have a combination of higher noise and input capacitance when compared to some discrete FETs. For example, a typical FET input op amp may have input capacitances of about 20 pF, whereas many discrete FETs have input capacitances of less than 5 pF. Also, there are few low noise FET input op amps that have equivalent input noise voltages density of less than 4 nV/ 𝐻𝑧. However, there are a number of discrete FETs rated at ≤ 2 nV/ 𝐻𝑧 in terms of equivalent Input noise voltage density. For those op amps that are rated as low noise, normally the input stages use bipolar transistors that generate much greater noise currents at the input terminals than FETs. These noise currents flowing into high impedances form added (random) noise voltages that are often much greater than the equivalent input noise. Read More

HIGH VOLTAGE, SUPER BETA, MONOLITHIC DUAL, NPN TRANSISTOR < Back LS301 Series HIGH VOLTAGE, SUPER BETA, MONOLITHIC DUAL, NPN TRANSISTOR Previous Next

< Back Interfacing Sensors & Transducers Introduction Abstract: A discussion of methods of amplifying and signal-conditioning for sensors with low level outputs in the presence of high ambient electrical noise sources. Advantages and disadvantages of some common amplifier circuits are considered. Read More

SINGLE, LOW CAPACITANCE, ULTRA-HIGH INPUT IMPEDANCE N-CHANNEL JFET AMPLIFIER - DFN < Back 4117DFN SERIES SINGLE, LOW CAPACITANCE, ULTRA-HIGH INPUT IMPEDANCE N-CHANNEL JFET AMPLIFIER - DFN The 2N/PN/SST4117 Series Single, Low Capacitance, Ultra-High Input Impedance, N-Channel JFET Amplifier is a direct replacement for the Fairchild, NXP and Siliconix-Vishay equivalent part series. It is ideal for high input impedance applications. This series is available in the DFN 8L RoHS miniature/non/magnetic package, as well as the TO-72 4L RoHS, TO-92 3L RoHS, SOT-23 3L RoHS package and bare die. Advanced screening options are available for our diverse product lineup, featuring JFETS, Bipolar transistors, MOSFETs, current regulators, and Diodes. Our special screening covers all the parameters listed in the standard datasheet, including comprehensive package pin-out. Connect with our experienced technical team to discuss your specific needs and tailor your requirements—email us at support@linearsystems.com or call (510) 490-9160. MOQ applies to these specialized services. Ordering Information Below are the options you have when ordering this part series: 2N4117 TO-72 4L RoHS 2N4118 TO-72 4L RoHS 2N4119 TO-72 4L RoHS PN4117 TO-92 3L RoHS PN4118 TO-92 3L RoHS PN4119 TO-92 3L RoHS SST4117 SOT-23 3L RoHS SST4118 SOT-23 3L RoHS SST4119 SOT-23 3L RoHS 2N4117 Die 2N4118 Die 2N4119 Die Datasheet Spice Model Application Notes

< Back JFET Circuit Design Book Linear Systems Jul 1, 2024 Introduction, Audience, Preface, Why JFETs & Applications Structure JFET Circuit Design: A Schematics Library and Application Notes Introduction Linear Systems, as part of its research and development effort, has a continually growing collection of circuits that can be applied in almost every area of electronic design. In our upcoming book, JFET Circuit Design: A Schematics Library and Application Notes, the design engineer will find a wide variety of amplifiers, comparators, current sources, filters, oscillators, RF circuits, sensors, switches, waveform generators, voltage references, and voltage-controlled resistor circuits, all suitable for every type of Internet of Things (IoT) application. From audio to health and medicine to the most advanced scientific instruments, this book will provide what is needed for the engineer, scientist, inventor, or hobbyist to create innovative analog IoT-based designs. Effectively, this book gives the designer the power to design products across the electromagnetic spectrum (light, thermal, infrared, radio, X-ray radiation), the mechanical spectrum (sound, ultrasonic, seismic, pressure, gas, gravity, vortices, shock, water, and wind waves), and the matter wave spectrum (photons, electrons). JFETs can be found in numerous applications across the entire electromagnetic spectrum. JFETs can be found in numerous applications across the entire mechanical wave spectrum (the phonon spectrum). The book represents part of that collection of circuits. Linear Systems continues to classify, design and analyze circuits as part of its efforts to improve circuit performance and extend the realm of discrete based circuit design in both traditional and emerging markets. Audience The collection of JFET-based electronic circuits has been designed as a resource guide for all who are interested in basic and advanced JFET circuit design. The professional electronic analog design engineer will find all the basic analog building blocks for the construction of advanced and high-performance analog systems. For each standard analog building block, the professional will find numerous circuit derivatives that can be used to obtain optimum performance characteristics for specific applications and parametric goals. For technicians and musicians, the book provides the fundamental basics for building and understanding workable circuits. This includes fundamental amplifier configurations and advanced circuits that can be used for the construction of electronic lab equipment and musical effects equipment. For the student and professor, the book provides the material needed to devise lab experiments, homework, simulation, and test analysis problems. For the inventor and hobbyists, the book provides useful circuits for household electronics, sensor-based designs, amateur radio circuits, and automation circuits that can be interfaced to current app-based digital designs that can be developed with Raspberry Pi and Arduino electronic hardware interface platforms. These hardware platforms can be especially useful for those wanting to test out sensor signal chains for actual interfacing to the Internet. The book fulfills the needs of audio design engineers, RF design engineers, test engineers, sensor design engineers, as well as medical electronic designers, smart textile engineers, and electronic instrument and scientific instrument designers. A multitude and variety of functional blocks for designs found in these systems are presented that allow for the quick construction of prototypes that can meet specific product and market requirements. The compendium provides one of the largest collections of JFET-based circuits. This source book will save those interested in designing high-performance discrete-based designs hundreds of hours of time in research and provide insight into effective analog, mixed-signal, and digital-based JFET design techniques. With the material in this compendium, engineers, researchers, inventors, scientists, technicians, musicians, and hobbyists are given the means to produce innovative designs that can be applied to existing, new, and emerging markets. Preface Understanding the how and why of design with discrete transistors, such as JFET, has always been considered an art and a science. In one realm, designers use their intuitive sense of design to create designs and improve circuit performance. On the other end of the spectrum, designers develop their intuitive sense through in-depth, highly mathematical circuit analysis. Finally, in the middle dimension are circuit simulators and actual hardware prototyping. Combining these different design approaches, one can indeed become a skilled analog designer. IIn order to expedite the design process, this ongoing compendium of circuit designs takes a block-based approach to analog circuit design. An understanding of all the common and not so common analog design blocks gives the designer the capability to create complex analog systems from a top-down perspective. Putting blocks together to form systems and then optimizing specific circuit blocks for specific performance characteristics lets designers create new and innovative analog systems quickly. Each of the descriptions of each of the circuits contained refers to the individual circuit blocks within each design and the individual components that comprise these blocks in regard to performance and functionality. Why JFETs? The unique properties of JFETs, ultra-high input impedance (high resistance and low capacitance), ultra-low noise, high gain, low harmonic distortion, and low voltage operation have made them the component of choice for analog, digital, and mixed signal design. These special JFET properties give JFETs a very high place in high-performance design applications. In audio systems, the JFET properties make them the ideal fit for high-fidelity preamplifiers for musical instruments and audio equipment. In electronic instruments, JFETs are also regarded as the component of choice. Their high impedance and low noise make them the ideal device for probes and the front end of almost every type of precision electronic measurement device. These include not only electronics lab equipment but also medical equipment and the most advanced telescopes on earth. In general, JFETs, because of their properties, are found in any device that includes a sensor. The Internet of Things, which is based on sensors, is one area where JFETs are applied. From smart cities to smart clothes and textiles, JFET preamplifiers are the front-end component to reliably and accurately measure every type of physical phenomena: acceleration, heat, light, pressure, radiation, sound, and temperature. In the medical, health, and fitness realm, JFETs are at the heart of high-performance photo-optical wearable medical and fitness devices. A JFET’s very low-frequency noise (flicker or 1/f noise) and ability to measure signals in the microvolt region make them ideal for photoplethysmography and electrocardiography applications. When configured with an Avalanche diode, JFETs can measure light down to the discrete photon level. In the everyday realm, JFETs are ubiquitous. They are used as current sources, current limiting, voltage limiting, amplifiers, switches, and voltage-controlled resistors. They are aptly applied almost everywhere in analog and mixed signal systems. JFETs are one of the most difficult discrete components to successfully integrate into ASIC and custom IC designs. The primary reason is that their noise performance degrades and their cost increases as the size of the JFET shrinks. This means it is not economically practical to integrate a JFET if one wants to obtain the noise performance of a discrete JFET. All of this means that in order to measure low voltage signals in the microvolt region, such that noise does not mask the signal, a discrete JFET must be used. JFETs are a must for low voltage, low frequency measurement applications that are required in sensor applications and high-performance audio applications. Another important consideration with JFETs is that they have a very high input impedance from both the standpoint of high input resistance and low input capacitance. This allows them to interface directly to high impedance sensors and other types of high impedance sources without signal attenuation, all of which mitigates the need to place measurement error correction compensation in a design. Applications Structure The book is classified according to functionality and specific end-user applications. Many of the circuits in the applications categories can be applied to different applications. Log amps, for instance, are used in both music and instrumentation applications. Circuit descriptions include an overview of end-user applications that the circuit is often found in.

SINGLE, HIGH FREQUENCY, N-CHANNEL JFET AMPLIFIER < Back 2N/PN/SST4416 Series SINGLE, HIGH FREQUENCY, N-CHANNEL JFET AMPLIFIER The 2N/PN/SST4416 Series Single, High Frequency, N-Channel JFET Amplifier is a direct replacement for the Fairchild, NXP, and Siliconix-Vishay equivalent part. It is ideal for High Frequency Applications. Available in the TO-72 4L, TO-92 3L and SOT-23 3L RoHS package, as well as die form. Advanced screening options are available for our diverse product lineup, featuring JFETS, Bipolar transistors, MOSFETs, current regulators, and Diodes. Our special screening covers all the parameters listed in the standard datasheet, including comprehensive package pin-out. Connect with our experienced technical team to discuss your specific needs and tailor your requirements—email us at support@linearsystems.com or call (510) 490-9160. MOQ applies to these specialized services. Ordering Information Below are the options you have when ordering this part series: 2N4416 TO-72 4L RoHS 2N4416A TO-72 4L RoHS PN4416 TO-92 3L RoHS PN4416A TO-92 3L RoHS SST4416 SOT-23 3L RoHS SST4416A SOT-23 3L RoHS 2N4416 Die 2N4416A Die Datasheet Spice Model Application Notes

< Back LS26VPS/VNS Press Release Linear Systems Mar 17, 2023 New JFET Voltage-Controlled Resistors NEWS RELEASE FOR INFORMATION CONTACT: Linear Systems, Inc. Sales Department Phone: (510) 490-9160 Email: sales@linearsystems.com Build lower-voltage, lower-power circuits using Linear Systems' industry-leading voltage-controlled resistors. Linear Systems has expanded its family of JFET Voltage-Controlled Resistors (VCRs) for reduced-power circuits over IC-based devices. Two new additions to the JFET Voltage-Controlled Resistor Family include the LS26VNS, a Single N-Channel JFET VCR, and the LS26VPS, a Single P-Channel JFET VCR. Both the N and P-channel versions are made from the same die geometry, making them complementary. They join the existing VCR11N, a Dual N-Channel VCR. The advantages of using VCRs for voltage-controlled amplifier or voltage-controlled gain systems include: - VCR-based devices operate with lower voltage and power consumption, enabling battery-powered systems to last significantly longer. - VCR JFETs can be used with low-power op amps to provide a low-power solution for voltage-controlled gain systems. - With low voltage op amps such as the LMV358 or TLC272, VCR JFETs perform voltage-controlled gain at extremely low supply voltages, down to a single 3.3V power supply. Circuits can be designed for very low power consumption when combined with low voltage, low power op amps. For instance, using an LSK389A as a VCR for these low voltage circuits can provide significant efficiency gains. - Matched pair JFET VCRs (VCR11N or LSK389A) can provide two identical channels of voltage-controlled gain, where the control voltage tracks both channels. This can be used in stereo audio signal attenuation. In contrast, typical active voltage-controlled amplifiers drain more current and require higher minimum power supply voltages, needing at least +/- 4 volts for a specialized voltage control amplifier integrated circuit. P-Channel JFETs, including a J177, can be designed as a VCR circuit with a single power supply. For example, the P-Channel JFET VCR circuit is ideal with positive supply voltages since its control voltage to the gate is also positive. Product Details: - LS26VNS N-Channel Single JFET VCR: Drain-source resistance is controlled by a DC bias voltage (VGS) applied to a high impedance gate terminal. Minimum RDS of 14 Ω occurs when VGS = -1.0V. As VGS approaches the pinch-off voltage of -6.0V, RDS rapidly increases to the maximum value of 38 Ω. - LS26VPS P-Channel Single JFET VCR: Drain-source resistance is controlled by a DC bias voltage (VGS) applied to a high impedance gate terminal. Minimum RDS of 20 Ω occurs when VGS = 3.0V. As VGS approaches the pinch-off voltage of 7.5V, RDS rapidly increases to the maximum value of 50 Ω. Summary of Features : - LS26VNS (N-Channel Single) - RDS(on) 14-38 Ω - BVgss 30 Volts - Available in TO-92 3L, SOT-23 3L, DFN 8L, and Bare Die options - LS26VPS (P-Channel Single) - RDS(on) 20-50 Ω - BVgss 30 Volts - Available in TO-92 3L, SOT-23 3L, DFN 8L, and Bare Die options Applications: - Variable Gain Controls - Voltage Controlled Oscillators - Signal Attenuators - Musical Effects Applications - Adaptive Analog Filters - Automatic Gain Control Circuits - Clock Generators - Compressors - Electrometers - Energy Harvesters - Expanders - Hearing Aids - Light Dimmers - Modulators - Mixers - Artificial Neural Networks - Programmable Gain Amplifiers - Phased Arrays - Phase Lock Loops - Phase Controlled Dimming Circuits - Phase Delay and Advance Circuits - Tunable Filters - Variable Attenuators - Voltage Controlled Multivibrators - Waveform Generators Pricing and Availability: - 1,000+ pieces of the LS26VNS and LS26VPS in the TO-92 3L, SOT-23 3L, and DFN 8L packages are priced at $1.23 (USD) each. - Production quantities are available now with delivery from factory stock to 8 weeks. This product line is supported by application notes, datasheets, and SPICE models. For further technical resources, please click HERE . About Linear Systems: Founded in 1987, Linear Systems is a full-service, privately-held designer and manufacturer of small-signal discrete semiconductors. The Fremont, CA-based company was founded by John H. Hall, co-founder of Intersil and founder of Micro Power Systems. Linear Systems' product line includes Ultra-Low-Noise N-Channel and P-Channel Dual and Single JFETs, High-Speed Lateral DMOS Switches, Bipolar Transistors, BIFET Amplifiers, Current-Regulating Diodes, Low-Leakage Diodes, MOSFETs, PhotoFETs, and Voltage-Controlled Resistors. Datasheets, application notes, SPICE models, and additional information can be found at www.linearsystems.com. For more information, contact Linear Systems at (510) 490-9160 or email sales@linearsystems.com. https://www.linearsystems.com/voltagecontrolledresistors/ls26vps

< Back Linear Integrated Systems Expands Custom Testing Services to Provide Designers Greater Optimization and Flexibility Linear Systems Dec 25, 2024 Linear Integrated Systems (Linear Systems) is pleased to announce the immediate availability of Expanded Custom Testing Services for all its Small Signal Discrete Products. These services allow designers to tailor product specifications to meet specific design requirements, empowering them to optimize performance and enhance flexibility. Available Custom Testing Services Include: Linear Systems' Expanded Custom Testing Services give designers more options to push beyond standard datasheets. With over 37 years of wafer processing expertise, Linear Systems offers the ability to target specific DC datasheet parameters. Ultra Low Noise N-Channel and P-Channel Monolithic Dual and Single JFETs Low Noise NPN & PNP Monolithic Dual Transistors High-Speed Analog Quad and Single DMOS Switches Ultra Low Leakage Monolithic Dual and Single Diodes Single Current Regulating Diodes N-Channel and P-Channel MOSFETs (Monolithic Dual and Single) At a Glance: With over 37 years of wafer processing expertise, Linear Systems offers the ability to target specific DC datasheet parameters, providing designers with tailored ranges for optimal performance. Popular specifications include: Threshold Voltage Breakdown Voltage Leakage Beta/HFE GM Idss Rds (on) Linear Systems' products are available in die form, surface-mount, and through-hole packages, ensuring versatility for various design needs. Why It Matters: Linear Systems' Expanded Custom Testing Services give designers more options to push beyond the limitations of standard datasheets. This eliminates the labor-intensive process of hand-screening parts and reduces costs by avoiding purchases of devices that don't meet specific requirements. Additionally, customers with source control drawings facing part discontinuance can use these services as a cost-effective alternative to redesigns or program discontinuance. Applications: These enhanced services are ideal for amplifier and switching applications in industries such as: Test and Measurement Hybrid Electronics Professional Audio Medical Electronics Piezoelectric Sensors Defense and Aerospace Space/Satellite Systems About Linear Integrated Systems: Founded in 1987 by John M. Hall, Cindy L. Johnson, and John H. Hall, Linear Integrated Systems, Inc. is a privately held designer and manufacturer of small-signal discrete semiconductors based in Fremont, CA. With a legacy of innovation, John H. Hall, a co-founder of Intersil and the founder of Micro Power Systems, brought significant expertise to the company, solidifying Linear Systems as a trusted partner for high-performance semiconductor solutions. For more information about Linear Systems and its Expanded Custom Testing Services, call (510) 490-9160, email sales@linearsystems.com or visit www.linearsystems.com . Linear Systems offers a diverse product line, including Dual JFET Amplifiers , Single JFET Amplifiers , JFET Switches , DMOS High Speed Switches , Low Leakage Diodes , Current Regulating Diodes , Bipolar Transistors , MOSFETs , Voltage Controlled Resistors and BIFET Amplifiers . Visit www.linearsystems.com to download our 2024 Data Book , Cross Reference Guide , datasheets, SPICE models, application notes , and more. Stay connected and join our growing LinkedIn community for updates and insights. You can also follow us on YouTube , Facebook , Instagram and X . Contact: Sales@linearsystems.com Phone: (510) 490-9160Website: www.linearsystems.com

< Back Linear Systems Capabilities Statement Linear Systems Jun 3, 2024 Who we are and what we do Founded in 1987, Linear Systems is a U.S.-owned, U.S.-based precision discrete semiconductor company. We specialize in developing and manufacturing high-quality, small-signal discrete devices for a variety of high-end applications, including test/measurement, instrumentation, space, military, medical, audio, and sensors. With a wide range of proprietary and standard components, we are committed to providing top-tier solutions to meet the demands of our diverse clientele. Download our Capabilities Statement to read the full document and discover how Linear Systems can meet your semiconductor needs. 2024 Capabilities Statement .pdf Download PDF • 378KB

< Back John H. Hall Linear Systems Mar 17, 2023 In Remembrance of Linear Systems' Founder John H. Hall FREMONT, CA - Linear Systems, Inc., a California developer and manufacturer of small-signal discrete semiconductors, announced the passing of its founder and CEO, John H. Hall. Hall was a pioneer in the development of low power CMOS integrated circuits. He founded or co-founded multiple innovative Silicon Valley companies, including Intersil, MicroPower Systems, and Integrated Wave Technologies, Inc., in addition to Linear Integrated Systems. Over the course of his career, Hall received 21 patents covering advanced semiconductor processes and designs. Hall was a protégé of Dr. Jean Hoerni, one of the "Traitorous Eight" who left Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory and co-founded rival Fairchild Semiconductor. In turn, many of Hall's former employees such as David Fullagar went on to become major Silicon Valley contributors. "John's professional contributions over a 60-year career were matched only by his generosity toward the people around him," said Cindy L Johnson,. "He is greatly missed by his family and friends." In accordance with Hall's wishes Linear Integrated Systems will continue its work as a world-class developer and producer of specialized discrete semiconductors, A year before Mr. Hall died he appointed Cindy L. Johnson as president. In 2014 the board of directors appointed Cindy L. Johnson as CEO. Chief Executive Officer Cindy L. Johnson Cindy L. Johnson has 37 years of Silicon Valley experience, starting her career with MicroPower Systems in 1977. Johnson began her career working for John H. Hall at Micro Power Systems and in 1986 was a co-founder of Linear Integrated Systems, Inc. Johnson has served as president and chief financial officer (CFO) of Linear and will continue as CFO in addition to assuming the position of CEO.

< Back Jagdev Bariana: Chief Product Officer Linear Systems Mar 31, 2025 Linear Systems Promotes Jagdev Bariana to Chief Product Officer Linear Systems Promotes Jagdev Bariana to Chief Product Officer Fremont, California – April 1, 2025 – Linear Integrated Systems, Inc. , a leading designer and manufacturer of high-performance, small-signal discrete semiconductors, is proud to announce the promotion of Jagdev Bariana to Chief Product Officer (CPO). In this elevated role, Bariana will continue to oversee all product-related activities, ensuring efficient production processes, maintaining high product quality, and aligning product strategies with customer needs and market demand. Bariana's tenure at Linear Systems has been marked by significant contributions to product management and development. His expertise in data analysis, testing, quality assurance, and new product development has been instrumental in advancing the company's product offerings. His leadership in managing and training teams has fostered a culture of excellence and continuous improvement. Bariana's commitment to customer support and collaboration with engineering and marketing teams has ensured that Linear Systems consistently meets and exceeds market demands. Prior to joining Linear Systems, Bariana amassed 15 years of experience as a Product Engineer at Supertex, where he honed his skills in product development and engineering. In his new role as CPO, Bariana will leverage his extensive experience to drive product innovation and operational excellence, ensuring that Linear Systems continues to deliver high-quality products that meet the evolving needs of its customers. About Linear Systems: Founded in 1987 by John M. Hall, Cindy L. Johnson, and John H. Hall, Linear Integrated Systems, Inc. is a privately held designer and manufacturer of small-signal discrete semiconductors based in Fremont, CA. John H. Hall, a co-founder of Intersil and the founder of Micro Power Systems, brought significant expertise and innovation to the company. Linear Systems offers a diverse product line, including Dual JFET Amplifiers , Single JFET Amplifiers , JFET Switches , DMOS High Speed Switches , Low Leakage Diodes , Current Regulating Diodes , Bipolar Transistors , MOSFETs , Voltage Controlled Resistors and BIFET Amplifiers . Visit www.linearsystems.com to download our 2024 Data Book , Cross Reference Guide , datasheets, SPICE models, application notes , and more. Stay connected and join our growing LinkedIn community for updates and insights. You can also follow us on YouTube , Facebook , Instagram and X . Contact: Jaime Cook VP of Operations & Market Development Linear Integrated Systems, Inc. jaimecook@linearsystems.com Let's connect on LinkedIn! www.linearsystems.com

MONOLITHIC DUAL, PICO AMP LOW LEAKAGE DIODES < Back ID100 Series ID100 SERIES MONOLITHIC DUAL, PICO AMP LOW LEAKAGE DIODES The ID100 Series Monolithic Dual, Pico Amp Low Leakage Diodes is a direct replacement for the Intersil part series. It is ideal for Pico Amp, Ultra Low Leakage, Protection Diode Applications. The part series is available in the TO-71 6L RoHS and TO-78 6L RoHS package, as well as in die form. Advanced screening options are available for our diverse product lineup, featuring JFETS, Bipolar transistors, MOSFETs, current regulators, and Diodes. Our special screening covers all the parameters listed in the standard datasheet, including comprehensive package pin-out. Connect with our experienced technical team to discuss your specific needs and tailor your requirements—email us at support@linearsystems.com or call (510) 490-9160. MOQ applies to these specialized services. Ordering Information Below are the options you have when ordering this part series: ID100 TO-71 6L RoHS ID101 TO-78 6L RoHS ID100 TO-71 6L RoHS ID101 TO-78 6L RoHS Datasheet Spice Model Application Notes